Everything You Need to Know About Bleach

Bleach is the common name for a solution of 2.5%  sodium hypochlorite in water. Its also called chlorine bleach or liquid bleach. Another type of bleach is oxygen-based or peroxide bleach. While you may know bleach is used to disinfect and remove stains, there is more to know about this everyday chemical to use it safely and effectively. Here are some important facts about this solution. Useful Bleach Facts Bleach has a shelf life and expiration date. On average, a container of unopened bleach loses 20% of its effectiveness each year. Once opened, bleach starts to lose a significant amount of its power after 6 months.Chlorine bleach is more effective as a disinfectant when its diluted rather than if its used at full strength. A typically recommended dilution is 1 part bleach to 9 parts water.A higher percentage of bleach is needed if a large quantity of organic material (e.g., blood, protein) is present, as these materials react with bleach and tend to neutralize it.If you add sodium hypochlorite bleach to whiten laundry or remove stains, its better to add it after the wash cycle has already filled with water and started agitation. If you add bleach together with detergent, you risk diminishing the effectiveness of enzyme-based stain removers and the detergent. On the other hand, oxygen-based bleach is best added to warm or hot water before clothes are added. Oxygen-based bleaches are g enerally color-safe and will preserve whiteness, but will not remove color. Sodium hypochlorite bleach does whiten fabrics ​but is not safe for all materials.Bleach reacts with several other chemicals to release toxic vapors. Its generally inadvisable to mix bleach with other cleaners. In particular, avoid mixing bleach with acetone, alcohol, vinegar  or other acids, or ammonia.Bleach can corrode metal, so if you clean or disinfect a metal surface with bleach, its important to wipe it down with water or alcohol afterward.Although its commonly believed drinking bleach can lead to a negative blood or urine test for drug use, this is untrue.While chlorine bleach is a powerful disinfectant, peroxide bleach is not suitable for this purpose. Chlorine bleach disinfects because it is an oxidizer, capable of disrupting microbial cells. Oxidation is also how chlorine bleach removes color. Sodium hypochlorite breaks bonds in the chromophore or colored portion of a molecule, rendering it colorless. Reducing bleaches also exist, which also change chemical bonds and alter how a molecule absorbs light.Chlorine bleach was first used to disinfect water in 1895 for  New York Citys Croton Reservoir.Household bleach may be made using water, caustic soda, and chlorine. The process of electrolysis is used to produce chlorine and caustic soda by running an electric current through a solution of table salt (sodium chloride) in water. Caustic soda and chlorine react to form sodium hypochlorite. All that is needed is to bubble chlorine gas through caustic soda solution. Since chlorine gas is toxic, bleach is not a chemical one should make at home.Although the odor of chlorine is apparent in bleach, when bleach is used, the chemical reaction tends to produce salt water and not chlorine gas.Although the toxic chemical dioxin has been known to occur in bleaching products using in the wood pulp and paper industry, household bleach is free from dioxin because gaseous chlorine mus t be present for dioxin to form.

Commencement of the American Revolution - 779 Words

Commencement of Revolution Historians have stated that the American colonist â€Å"were never so British† after the French and Indian War in 1763, but in 1775 the first shots of the American Revolution were fired. There must have been many different events or beliefs that changed the American colonist views to declare their independence. A period of the â€Å"Salutary Neglect† was a policy that kept the colonists separate from Britain. This meant that the British could not impose on the rights of the colonies. When the French and Indian war (seven years of war) ended, so did the â€Å"Salutary Neglect† Policy. The British had accumulated a copious amount of debt. The neglected colonies could be of great benefit to the British. Many of the taxes were being avoided in the colonies. The British need to combat the inefficient collection of taxes. In order minimize smuggling and collect more taxes, Britain had done some imperial reform. This reform first started with the Sugar Act in 1764. The Sugar Act was a modified form of the Molasses Act. The Molasses Act was unsuccessful do to evasion of taxes. The Sugar Act taxed products with sugar in them. This had outraged the colonist. The sugar act was eventually repealed. The Sugar Act led to the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act was a tax on material goods like licenses, paper, stamp and many other materials. This had impacted nearly everyone. Colonists were frustrated because the taxes did not seem to be for regulating commerce.Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech929 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech for Stanford Universitys Graduating Class of 2005: Jobs titled his speech Youve got to find what you love. Steve Jobs is best known as an American entrepreneur, inventor and industrial designer. He was the cofounder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. and founder, CEO and chairman of Pixar Animation Studios. Jobs and cofounder of Apple Inc. Steve Wozniak are wildly recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s. TheRead MoreThe American Renissance1169 Words   |  5 PagesSince the commencement of civilizations, humans were always eager to improve their society and their lifestyle. Revolution is a fundamental change in society brought by people getting together for a common cause. Many revolutions had taken place in human history, led by different causes, situations and people. Some examples are like political revolution, socio-economic revolution industrial or commercial revolution, philosophical revolution, Cultural Revolution etc. Those revolutions vary in methodsRead MoreThe War Of Independence And The American Revolutionary War943 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution or also known as the U.S War of Independence and the American Revolutionary War took place during 1775 to 1783. The Revolution was a conflict arose from the residents of Great Britain’s 13 colonies and the colonial government. The Revolution brought drastic changes to the lives of women. While the men were away at war, women would stay home, and take over the jobs men had before the war. As time flew by, women started taking roles in the Revolutionary War, examples of rolesRead MoreThe Justification Of The Whiskey Rebellion1430 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens of their rights, the American republic modeled the very government that they had once rebelled against. The government’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion was a departure from the spirit of the American Revolution. Desperate to solidify the power of the majority, political leaders (especially Alexander Hamilton) relied on fear and oppression to assert its dominance over the states. By valuing the unity of the nation over the life and stability of the minority, the American government undid muchRead MoreThe American And Chinese Communist Revolutions1363 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American and Chinese Communist revolutions, some being similar and some being different. One of the main causes of the revolutions was that they bo th were inspired by the Enlightenment. This factor made both wars and their outcomes more intellectually based rather than physically. Another main accelerator that forced the people to fight for a change in their government was due to an unpopular method of rule. In both China and America, the forms of government previous to their revolutions andRead MoreMain Causes Of The French Revolution996 Words   |  4 PagesThe commencement of the French Revolution arranged the country of France being at the brink of bankruptcy. Causes for this brink are easily seen. King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, lavished money on themselves and residences such as Versailles. Queen Marie especially, over spending money and was seen as a wasteful spender. The government, found that funds were depleting due to wars in the same manner as the funding for the American Revolution. Deficit spending, a government spending moreRead MoreThe French And Indian War1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Rev olution marked the historical intensity associated with this great nation. The revolution was multifaceted and was also dynamic in nature as it involved a lot of twists and turns that later shaped the course of the American citizens. There are numerous causes linked with the triggering and commencement of the revolution. The discussion below critically exploits and explores various reasons that led to the start of the revolution. The French and Indian War The wars which happened betweenRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And George Washington941 Words   |  4 Pages In the middle of three significant historical events, we find two notable men, Napoleon Bonaparte, and George Washington. The U.S American Revolution, 1775-1783(History Online) the end of the French Revolution, 1789-1799 the commencement of the Napoleonic Era, 1804-1815(Bonjour la France). Two Revolutions, two Generals, on two Continents. Bonaparte and Washington fought for equality, freedom, and fraternity for their homelands. This essay will compare and contrast Napoleon Bonaparte and GeorgeRead MoreThomas Paine Common Sense Analysis772 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion is to do good† (Thomas Paine common sense). Thomas Paine was an English-American political activist and philosopher who changed the world through his words and writing. In Common Sense, distributed in January 1776, the pamphlets sold in the thousands and was extremely persuasive. It transformed a neighborh ood uprising into a War of Independence and Thomas Paine was given the title Father of the American Revolution. He challenged great minds to advocate the idea of freedom of conscience. ThomasRead MoreThe Theory Of Government, Science And The Nature Of Human Beings1466 Words   |  6 Pages The bed of thought for the Enlightenment in the late 18th and early 19th century was laid down in the 17th century with the commencement of reason. The authority of the Catholic Church had been broken by radicals, such as Martin Luther, and the liberation from orthodoxy meant that there was no longer a single authority. People began to examine the world with reason rather than faith.This intellectual curiosity eventually led to the Era of Enlightenment. The central ideals of the Enlightenment ultimately

Examining The Examples Of A Tragic Hero English Literature Essay Free Essays

A premier illustration of a tragic hero is John Proctor, from Arthur Millers, The Crucible.A Proctor is easy placed in this class of heroes because he has features that define who may be considered such a hero, such as the fact that he is extremely regarded in the community, that he has a tragic defect, that he dies and embraces decease with self-respect and that he is portrayed as a human being like his readers to which causes a katharsis of emotions in them. Leon Golden writes that â€Å" the ideal Aristotelean form of tragedyaˆÂ ¦ the autumn from felicity to wretchedness, caused by a serious rational mistake, on the portion of a hero who is worthy of regard†¦ † ( Golden ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Examining The Examples Of A Tragic Hero English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now John makes such â€Å" mistakes † due to his tragic defects, which result in his ruin, but in malice of these defects in his character, he is extremely regarded within his community. He makes a serious mistake in judgement, realizes that he has made an irreversible error, and while he recognizes that he must be put to decease, maintains his self-respect and trades with his destiny with a step of credence, like a tragic hero is supposed to make. Finally, John has the intrinsic ability to pull out sympathy and commiseration from his readers which is besides a celebrated quality of the authoritative tragic hero. John Proctor is hence the quintessential illustration of a tragic hero.A It is apparent early on thatA John ProctorA wasA extremely esteemed within the community, A because heA wasA called toA Reverend Parris ‘ family toA see howA the Reverend ‘s ailment daughterA was making. The rigorous Puritan members of Salem besides commended him for hanging the door of the church.A Despite the strength in which the Puritans regarded their faith and the contempt they shared for those less â€Å" spiritual † than they were, Arthur Miller writes that â€Å" Proctor, respected and even feared in SalemaˆÂ ¦ † ( Miller 20 ) . John ProctorA wasA still considered to be an honest, hardworkingA adult male and aA God-fearingA Christian, even though he did n’t go to church and was non, in any manner, perfect. James Martine suggests that â€Å" the ideal supporter of calamity, so, says Aristotle, must be a adult male like ourselves, one who does non possess righteousness and virtuousness to flawlessness, but whose character is held in high-esteem by all † ( Martine ) . Therefore, Proctor fits the portion of Aristotle ‘s tragic hero definition which claims he must be a well-respected individual within the narrative ‘s chief community ( even if he is non near to being Godhead ) . However, as is the instance for every tragic hero, a tragic defect that John Proctor possesses finally led to his tragic terminal. One of John Proctor ‘s tragic defects was his unfaithfulness. Like Larry Brown believes, â€Å" Miller created the matter between Proctor and Abigail as a cardinal motivational factor in Proctor ‘s character † ( Brown ) . Because of the matter he pursues with 17 twelvemonth old, Abigail, the remainder of the events that lead to his day of reckoning unfold. Abigail ‘s green-eyed monster of Proctor ‘s married woman, Elizabeth, cause her to get down a commotion in Salem and to impeach people of take parting in witchery because she believes if she removes Elizabeth, by impeaching her of being a enchantress she could hold the desirable John Proctor all to herself.A Another defect of Proctor that consequences in his decease is his pride. Martine agrees that for a hero to be considered tragic, â€Å" the hero must be a extremely moral person who has a tragic defect, a tragic flaw. This defect is frequently hubris-commonly characterized as prideaˆÂ ¦ † ( Martine ) . Proctor is delayed in the confession of his wickedness because it is of extreme importance to him to keep a good name. Had he owned up to the matter earlier on in the procedure, he could hold shown the tribunal that Abigail had a sensible alibi and the whole events of the Salem enchantress tests could hold been stopped before they even began. Because of John Proctor ‘s serious defect in character and his awful wickedness, he is hanged upon the gallows of Salem for all to see. Not many people accept decease with such awards and unity as Proctor does. A Out of self-respect and pride in his household and himself, John Proctor decides to be hanged instead than lie and falsely confess to hold practiced witchery and everlastingly be associated with it. Proctor, in mention to the prevarication that subscribing his confession would be, says â€Å" Because I can non hold ano ther in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to prevarications † ( Miller Act IV ) . In add-on, he does non desire to subject to the giving over of names of other people in the community, feigning that they were enchantresss, to acquire himself off the hook, or in this instance, gallows. â€Å" The tragic terminal of the drama comes at the really point where Proctor found his morality and award that he thought he lost † ( University of Houston- Clear Lake ) . The pride that led to Proctor ‘s ruin is the same pride that causes him to decease in self-respect, without subscribing to prevarications. John Proctor hides his criminal conversation with Abigail from the tribunal for the interest of repute, until he must squeal: â€Å" I have made a bell of my award! I have rung the day of reckoning of my good name. † However, as he is pressured to curse falsely that he dealt in witchery, Proctor realizes it is his name in the sense of personal unity, being true to himself, non his repute among others that affairs most of all ( Brown ) . The concluding facet of a tragic hero that John Proctor undoubtedly encompasses is his relatability, which causes the other characters in the drama and its readers to sympathize with him. Proctor is displayed as a mere human being with defects and battles which in many ways mirror our ain defects and battles. â€Å" This deep-rooted temperament of ‘frailty ‘ is Proctor ‘s ain indispensable humanity and demonstrates him to be ‘a adult male merely like ourselves. ‘ And since this is so, the attendant katharsis arouses, and purgings, our ain commiseration and fright † ( Martine ) . Some of his greatest battles are happening himself and covering with the guilt he feels for holding an matter, which he finally comes to accept as Martine says ; â€Å" John Proctor is heroic because he accepts his guilt and indicts the society that would coerce him to give over his scruples. To make both, he must be self-discovered, self-recognized and eventually self-ac cepting † ( Martine ) . Proctor is at his tallness of ego consciousness when he realizes how of import it is to keep his unity. Robert Heilman explains that Shakespeare made the tragic hero, â€Å" a figure capable of self-awareness and self-judgment † ( Heilman ) . Just as Miller gave John Proctor the ability to hold self-awareness, William Shakespeare gave his tragic heroes the same ability. Because the readers find themselves similar to Invigilate in that they besides are flawed, they are able to to the full sympathize with him and throw themselves into the emotional convulsion of the narrative. Therefore, when the narrative of John Proctor is read, the reader experiences a katharsis of emotions. They feel fear for him, throughout the tests and when his destiny is being determined. They feel sympathy for him as he approaches his decease, right after he and Elizabeth eventually mend their matrimony. A narrative of a tragic hero tends to accomplish that consequence on its readers. How to cite Examining The Examples Of A Tragic Hero English Literature Essay, Essay examples

Salome Monologue Essay Paper Example For Students

Salome Monologue Essay Paper A monologue from the play by Oscar Wilde NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Representative One-Act Plays by British and Irish Authors. Ed. Barrett H. Clark. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1921. SALOME: Ah! thou wouldst not suffer me to kiss thy mouth, Iokanaan. Well! I will kiss it now. I will bite it with my teeth as one bites a ripe fruit. Yes, I will kiss thy mouth, Iokanaan. I said it; did I not say it? I said it. Ah! I will kiss it now. But wherefore dost thou not look at me, Iokanaan? Thine eyes that were so terrible, so full of rage and scorn, are shut now. Wherefore are they shut? Open thine eyes! Lift up thine eyelids, Iokanaan! Wherefore dost thou not look at me? Art thou afraid of me, Iokanaan, that thou wilt not look at me? And thy tongue, that was like a red snake darting poison, it moves no more, it speaks no words, Iokanaan, that scarlet viper that spat its venom upon me. It is strange, is it not? How is it that the red viper stirs no longer? Thou wouldst have none of me, Iokanaan. Thou rejectedest me. Thou didst speak evil words against me. Thou didst bear thyself toward me as to a harlot, as to a woman that is a wanton, to me, Salome, daughter of Herodias, Princess of Judaea! Well, I still live, but thou art dead, and thy head belongs to me. I can do with it what I will. I can throw it to the dogs and to the birds of the air. That which the dogs leave, the birds of the air shall devour. Ah, Iokanaan, Iokanaan, thou wert the man that I loved alone among men! All other men were hateful to me. But thou wert beautiful! Thy body was a column of ivory set upon feet of silver. It was a garden full of doves and lilies of silver. It was a tower of silver decked with shields of ivory. There was nothing in the world so white as thy body. There was nothing in the world so black as thy hair. In the whole world there was nothing so red as thy mouth. Thy voice was a censer that scattered strange perfumes, and when I looked on thee I heard strange music. Ah! wherefore didst thou not look at me, Iokanaan? With the cloak of thine hands, and with the cloak of thy blasphemies thou didst hide thy face. Thou didst put upon thine eyes the covering of him w ho would see God. Well, thou hast seen thy God, Iokanaan, but me, me, thou didst never see me. If thou hadst seen me thou hadst loved me. I saw thee, and I loved thee. Oh, how I loved thee! I love thee yet, Iokanaan. I love only thee. I am athirst for thy beauty; I am hungry for thy body; and neither wine nor apples can appease my desire. What shall I do now, Iokanaan? Neither the floods nor the great waters can quench my passion. I was a princess, and thou didst scorn me. I was a virgin, and thou didst take my virginity from me. I was chaste, and thou didst fill my veins with fire. Ah! ah! wherefore didst thou not look at me? Ah! I have kissed thy mouth, Iokanaan, I have kissed thy mouth. There was a bitter taste on thy lips. Was it the taste of blood? Nay; but perchance it was the taste of love. They say that love hath a bitter taste. But what matter? what matter? I have kissed thy mouth.

Teens And Problems Teens Must Deal With A Wide Variety Of Problems Whi

Teens and Problems Teens must deal with a wide variety of problems which can be difficult and stressful. These problems can range from peer pressure to dealing with siblings. Uncertainties come at a time in a teen's life when each teen is usually not equipped emotionally or mentally to handle these situations. Peer pressure, parents, and siblings are three difficult issues that confront teens. Peer pressure is one of the most common problems of all teens. When a teen is new at a school and wants to gain friends, teens often use poor judgment in trying to impress new people. In order to gain new friends, teens can get involved in drugs, smoking, and alcohol. Many times they do things that they would never have imagined themselves doing prior to meeting a new group of people. Some teens try to make the right decision so others will like them. Having parents or other responsible adults they can turn to for help or advice is crucial at this point in a teen's life. 117

12 Angery Man Essays - Fiction, Literature, Theatre, Free Essays

12 Angery Man Essays - Fiction, Literature, Theatre, Free Essays 12 Angery Man Twelve Angry Men Sometimes in life your professions reflect on your personalities. Twelve Angry Men is an example of where this occurs. Twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. Whether they brought good or bad qualities from their profession, they all affected the outcome. The leadership skills of Courtney Vance, the compassion of Dorian Harwood, and the opinionated Tony Danza affected the actions and decisions in the jury room. Courtney Vance is a high school football coach; his position in the jury room is a foreman. On the football field, Vance acts as a mediator, a leader, and an organizer. As a foreman for this trial, Vance definitely carries all those traits into the jury room with him. If it were not for Vance, there would not have been any order in the jury room. He acts as a coach in the jury room as he formed fine lines of respect. He acts as a mediator for all of the arguments that went on in the jury room. Every time, Vance is there to calm everyone down and gain back order in the room. His leadership skills also shine in the jury room as well. He controls and leads every discussion, speaking order, voting, and demonstration. Vance takes on the leading role and handles it well. He also brings organization into the jury room by organizing the juries, the discussions, and the votes. With the excellent traits that Vance brings into the jury room, he allows the trial to run smoothly and effectively. Dorian Harwoods profession as nurse also shapes his actions in the jury room. In the jury room, he acts with compassion and respect. As a nurse he does the same. His compassion lies in caring for another. He relates that to the trial by thinking of the boy as one of his patients. He wants him to have a fair chance at life, and therefore wants him to have a fair trial. In the jury room, he acts with respect because he is very unsure about the case, and really does not know how he feels about things. So when it is his turn to talk he passes to hear the others before he makes the wrong assumption. With these actions he shows a lot of respect for not only the boy on trial, but also to the other juries. Harwood definitely shows compassion and respect in the jury room, and all of these strong traits come from his experience as a nurse. Tony Danza, a salesman, definitely brings his working traits with him in the jury room. As a salesman, he is impatient, opinionated, and rude. Tony does not care about anyone but himself. He shows that he is very impatient by not even thinking about the trial but rather the baseball tickets that he has for that night. He just wants to get out of there as soon as he can. He is very opinionated and that definitely stands out in the jury room. He does not care what anyone has to say. He has his own beliefs and does not care or want to hear anyone elses views. He is also known to be rude, because he shows no compassion or thought towards the boy on trial and he just wants to get it over with. He does not even stop to think that someones life is on the line, he is too concerned about his own. Tonys profession does not give him the best qualities, as he does not have the best qualities in the jury room. Courtney Vance, Dorian Harwood, and Tony Danza are three men who are shaped by the professions in which they live. Their professions give the men certain qualities, good and bad, that they carry with them into other parts of their lives. Each man shows these qualities in the jury room and they affect the actions and decisions that are made.

Choose one macrovascular and microvascular complication and discuss Assignment

Choose one macrovascular and microvascular complication and discuss the best evidence based assessment & management to identify and prevent secondary complications from the disease process - Assignment Example One of the most likely microvascular complications that they are likely to develop is retinopathy commonly known as retinopathy. The complication can be easily identified in individual with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. One can use several features in easy identification of the condition. One of the common characteristics that can be easily used in the identification of the complication is the presence of small haemorrhages in the central part of the retina (Fowler, 2008). Haemorrhages in this section of the eye appear as dots. The other characteristics that can be easily used in the identification of the condition in these individuals is the presence of hard exudates in the skin. The other common attributes are the presence of small vascular dilatations that occur in the retina commonly known as microaneurysms (Fowler, 2008). The location of the small vascular dilations can help in direct identification of the complication as they are usually the first to develop. Moreover, an individ ual is most likely to have retinal oedema that indicates microvascular leakage. Hence, individual retina is most likely to be greyish in colour. The severity can be easily identified by noting individual visual capability. The management of the disease is crucial in preventing the development of the complication. One of the key things in preventing of complication is by ensuring the three take part in dietary changes (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper & Bucher, 2013). Change of diet will involve a reduction of carbohydrate intake and at the same time increase the fibre intake (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. (2007). Another way of reducing complication is ensuring the affected individuals take part in eye screening. Eyes should be regularly checked by ophthalmologist especially on a yearly basis (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. (2007). On the other hand, Nick, Marty, and Sam are likely to develop macrovascular complications. One of the common types of this complication is

Teen Pregnancy Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teen Pregnancy Nursing - Term Paper Example Great numbers of teen pregnancies are unintentional. Access to contraceptive, complete education on sexuality and youth development programs can assist teens to choose their options that can guard them from pregnancy at this age. Parents with a busy life are unable to discuss important issues such as sex with their children. Due to the lack of proper guidance, these teenagers are unable to make wise decisions on this subject and this result into teen pregnancy. According to the Journal of Adolescent Health, majority of the teens who indulge in sexual activity are more possibly exposed to sexuality in the media. By glamorizing this, teenagers adapt this as something good and involves in irresponsible sexual activities. If it is something accepted in their group of friends or community, they may try to get pregnant as a means to get social acceptance (Laden et al 2006). A vast number of teenage girls who get pregnant have reported sexual abuse or rape. Sexual harassment leaves them in a state of shock and because of the fact that they have no idea how to proceed and avoid pregnancy many of them conceive. The teens that are more likely to have unintended pregnancy are those who are not educated about sex. Kids who start drinking in their teens are more likely to take other risks as well. This may involve crimes, careless sex and other dangerous activities that may have consequences. According to ‘teenage pregnancy: the interaction of psyche and culture’ many of the women who became mothers in their teens didn’t want it. It had happened because of lack of knowledge about how babies were conceived or they didn’t know or have access to methods of avoiding or aborting their pregnancies (Dean et al 1997). The socioeconomic factors which trigger teen pregnancies are poverty, illiteracy, and peer pressure. Early marriages are even a big factor resulting into this problem faced by young girls. These were some of the causes of teen pregnancy, now we would discuss its effects. There a lot of teenage mothers who ponder what would have happened if they would have been a little more precautious, hadn’t left school or what opportunities did they miss because of the pregnancy. Bringing a child into this world brings a great amount of responsibility on the shoulder of the parents, the baby needs a lot of attention and care that means their irresponsibility lead them away from their dreams and ambitions in life. â€Å"Women who become parents as teenagers are at greater risk of social and economic disadvantage throughout their lives than those who delay child bearing† (Hayes 1987, 138) A lot of teenage girls who get pregnant try to hide it as long as they can therefore are unaware of the care they require at this age. They are affected by malnutrition, depression and frustration that results in miscarriages, death during the delivery and weak babies. This emotional crisis can lead these teens to have something against their new born babies and they blame them for their lost possibilities in life. Kids born to teens most of the times go through emotional conflict, social insecurity and educational failures. ‘Single mothers with limited resources may be subject to multiple stresses in trying to provide such basic necessities as food or shelter, and, thus have little energy or time for their children†

To what extent do the accounts of turn taking in conversation Essay

To what extent do the accounts of turn taking in conversation described in Sacks, schegloff and Jefferson (1974) and Duncan ( 1972) agree with each other - Essay Example For example, we now all realize that the speaker who says "Its me" is not violating a rule of English by which he should say, "Its I." Rather, the mistake belongs to the grammarian who calls it an error. Speaker transition without gap or overlap is a feature of the social organization of conversation, achieved always then and there. For example, participants do not retrospectively attain it by editing their memory of a conversation. They do not, in the first instance, go outside the conversation in order to report violations to referees, policemen, oracles, etc., in the hope that external agencies will punish the violators. There is, then, a social organization to turn-taking which has as one of its proper products that one person talks at a time: Achieving this product requires participants to encounter and solve at least two tasks: the collaborative location of transition points, and the collaborative use of means for arriving at who speaks after any current speaker (Beattie, 1983). These are tasks which, on the situated occasions of their solution, are tasks of understanding. And participants so interpret them. They take failing to talk when one has been selected to and another s tops as evidence of failing to understand what has been said. The specific kinds of understanding required for achieving proper turn-taking are determined by how turn-taking is socially organized. For example, if conversation were structured so that the order of speakers and the lengths of their utterances were pre-assigned for whole conversations, turn-taking would impose rather minimal tasks of understanding upon participants (Duncan, 1972). They work in such a way as to require that parties to a conversation do extensive work of understanding if their system of turn-taking is to operate as it does. Both employ utterance units which need to be constantly monitored for their completion. Both operate to select future speakers in an one

Emerging Trends In Recruitment Commerce Essay

Emerging Trends In Recruitment Commerce Essay Internet evolution is affecting our working and personal life in various aspects and no one can say the contrary. One of the areas that the internet has recently and strongly been involved in is Recruitment Selection, as a medium between job seekers and companies since global competition persists and industries becoming more skill intensive, the recruitment of talent workers becomes essential (Yoon, 2009 adapted from Tong and Sivanand, 2005), and attracting the right applicants at the right time is getting tougher than ever. The use of conventional recruitment methods no longer suffices and timely to attract sufficient pool of qualified applicants. Many organizations have turned to adopting sophisticated recruitment strategies or combining various recruitment methods to attract them such as the E-Recruitment. Since recruitment has become the most challenging human resources (HR) function across all industries today, the need of the hour is to shift from traditional reactive recruiting toward more proactive recruiting, by clearly understanding the various factors of the recruitment market (Parmesh, date). In early-1990s, with the advancement of internet technology, many have witnessed the transformation of the conventional recruitment methods to online recruitment. Some corporate companies even use their web sites to recruit people while others capitalized this change to become e-recruitment service providers. This latter third-party e-recruitment business thrived to become the second most popular online business besides booking airline tickets, in United States and Europe. This business trends was later caught up in South-east Asia and Asia Pacific (Yoon adapted from Labanyi, 2002; Galanaki, 2002; Fisher, 2001; Gomolski, 2000; Joyce, 2002; Dixon, 2000). (Adapted from Weiss and Barbeite (2001) focused on reactions to Internet-based job sites. They discovered that the Internet was evidently favoured as a source of finding jobs. An examination of the literature on the various aspect of e-recruitment will allow us some insight and better understanding. When doing literature research many studies focused mainly on the applicant side or only on corporate side; in this study we will investigate both aspect in order to have a broad understanding of e-recruitment development. Emerging trends in Recruitment Recruitment is now about customer relationship management. Applicants needs has changed and preferred an individual relationship with the employer. We talk about war for talent, and now the most advanced guerrilla fighters using the latest weapons. It is a zero sum game between your company and everyone else competing for similar talent. Up to 25% of existing e-Recruitment traders will be purchased or go out of business in the next 3 years (Gartner Q4 Report 2004 accessed on http://www.specht.com.au) Many companies are moving away of conventional recruitment methods. The new methods followed by companies are outsourcing, poaching/raiding and e-recruitment. Outsourcing Outsourcing is a process of transferring a business function to an external service provider. In recruitment out sourcing, a company completely transfers the selection process or part of it to a third party. The outsourcing enterprises assist the organisation by the preliminary screening of the applicants according to the requests of the organization and creating an appropriate pool of talent for the ultimate selection by the organization. Outsourcing firms extend their human resource group by employing people for them. These human resource pools will be made accessible to various companies as per their requirements. Poaching/Raiding Raiding or poaching is a method of recruitment in which competing firms attract employees from rival firms. In simple terms poaching may be described as buying talent rather than developing. Hefty pay packages, other terms and conditions may attract employees to join new Organizations. Poaching is a big challenge for human resource managers. Poaching weakens the Organizations competitive strength because of employees migration. E-Recruitment E-Recruitment is the latest trend in recruitment. It is also known as online recruitment. Internet is the back bone for E-Recruitment. Companies advertise job vacancies on different websites. Exclusive job websites like naukr.com, monster.com, etc help both job seekers and companies to contact each other. A 247 access to the database of the resumes to the employers is provided by these job sites which facilitate organizations to hire people more rapidly. Every Company website usually provides career hyper link. This link helps job seekers to upload resume in the website. Using the uploaded resumes Companies can build their own resume database, which can be used for existing and future requirements. Online recruitment helps the organizations to automate the process of recruitment, which allow saving on time and costs. Traditional way v/s E-way In recent years, the traditional approach to recruitment has been revolutionized by the concept of online recruitment. Although Internet recruiting will not replace traditional recruiting in the near future, it is quickly becoming an essential aid for todays recruiters. Online recruitment varies from conventional recruitment in many ways this has been stressed by some authors. In this area, some researchers have compared between internet recruitment tools and traditional recruitment tools. A survey which was carried out by Galanaki (2002) , found out that internet agencies provide the company with fewer but substantially better applicants than traditional recruitment agencies. On the same side, a research conducted by Verhoeven and Williams (2008) reports on a study into internet recruitment and selection in the United Kingdom and the survey showed dwindling recruitment spends focused on web-based recruitment at the expense of traditional methods. The author also reported that online methods proved far more popular, as majority firms use their own companys website was used as a recruitment tool for most jobs. Kapse et al (2012), a study conducted by Connerley, Carlson, Mecham (2003) on the evidence of differences in applicant pool quality addressed the research need by examining the attraction outcome of firms competing head-to-head for recruits for similar positions. Results of an analysis suggest that applicant quality can vary substantially within and across job families Chapman and Webster (2003) in their survey research on the use of technologies in recruiting, screening, and selection processes for job candidates conducted in USA found that most organizations implemented technology based recruitment and selection tools to improve efficiency, enable new assessment tools, reduce costs, standardize systems and expand the applicant pool. From the applicant opinion, (Maysara (2010) adapted from Rooy and Fairchild (2003) and Rozelle and Landis (2002)) contrasted between job searching by internet tools and traditional tools in terms of the number of jobs that were found and candidate perception of success in the job searching process. The jobs that were found by traditional recruitment tools were less in the number than the ones found by internet tools only. The results of this study encouraged the authors to argue that jobseekers that use this technological advance in their job search are in a good competitive position compared to their peers who do not use it. Diverging from the four previous studies results, Maysara (2010) adapted from Zusman and Landis (2002) found that job applicants reported high preference for the jobs posted in the traditional recruitment sources e.g. paper than the ones posted on the website. The result was not expected for the authors. In addition, and consistent with applicant attraction studies, they found that applicants prefer the high quality recruitment websites than the low quality websites. While comparing the traditional recruitment and the internet recruitment people sometimes finds that they are both almost alike in what they have to offer, however, as we can notice in Table 1, the process is different between the two. E-Recruitment Defining E-Recruitment E-recruitment is a means of using information technology (IT) to perform, speed up or improves this process. EHRM system and its subsystems, such as e-recruitment, produce a higher level of service delivery and a better strategic contribution. E-recruitment emerges as a handy and advantageous method over traditional methods of recruitment (Poorangi et al adapted from Tong and Sivanand, 2005), as it brings all benefits of an e-business into the human resource field and improves the efficiencies of the recruitment process. There are diverse meanings of electronic recruitment coined by well-known researchers. Commonly E-Recruitment is defined as: According to Wolfswinkel e-Recruiting is the online attraction and identification of potential employees using corporate or commercial recruiting websites, electronic advertisements on other websites, or an arbitrar combination of these channels including optional methods such as remote interviews and assessments, smart online search agents or interactive communication tools between recruiter and applicant. E-Recruitment also known as online recruitment, Internet recruiting or cyber-recruiting refers to the practice of advertising job vacancies online, also is the process of integration of the recruitment and internet technology to improve efficiency and effectiveness in hiring the new employers from all over the world (Galanki, 2002) E-recruitment Hiring Process The Hiring Process means carrying out a full series of functions in addition to simple recruitment. It means making a choice and deciding if the company feels that any of the candidates meet the requirements of the specific job and, if so, hiring that person. The next step is closing the deal and having the new employee join the company and fit in within the existing company culture. This means that once the companys hiring policies have been clearly defined, there is a process, which we call the Hiring Process that may be broken down into the theses stages as you can see in the following figure. Figure 1.3 illustrates the staffing processes involved in recruitment of staff and e-recruitment can be brought about in any or all of these main processes. Figure 1.2 E-Recruitment Hiring Process Source: Damhija 2012 Global E-recruitment market E-recruitment has been an issue of interest over the past ten years. Internet is considered as the latest tool in hiring. It is a real revolution spreading over the world of job hunting hiring. The term online recruitment, e-recruitment, cyber recruiting, or internet recruiting, imply the formal sourcing of job information online. The first references to e-recruitment appear in articles of the mid-1980s E-recruitment can be divided into two types of uses: corporate web site for recruitment and commercial jobs boards (such as monster.com) for posting job advertisements .Corporate websites are a companys own website with a link for job posting/career options where candidates can log into for current openings. If the company advertises its vacant positions on other website that specialize in recruitment such as naukri.com, timesjob.com, monster.com, etc., the companies would be adopting commercial job boards for recruitment. Development of E-Recruitment E-recruitment will expand but not replace the face to face selection stage smaller companies will be able to afford these technologies interactive, voice-based systems online portfolios including samples of your work testing tool. Methods of E-Recruitment Lievens Harris (2003) define E-recruitment as any method of persuading candidates to apply for a position that relies greatly on the Internet. We can say that Internet recruitment is not a method itself and therefore can be misunderstood sometimes since there are several of different approaches to Internet recruitment. Dhamija (2012) says that, in order to find active or passive candidates, e-recruitment has come up with valuable method for finding these potential candidates and moreover that there is high demand for e-recruitment tools and skilled workers as specified by The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) in a report entitled Workplace Trends during 2007-2008. For the purpose of this study, the focus will be given on two common methods of online recruitment which are being used nowadays. Corporate Website As said by Pin et al (2001), although jobseekers or those who are looking to switch jobs may think that the most logical path is to simply log their resume on a job site, knowing it will be distributed to a large number of companies in various industries, this is not the only option. Tyagi. A (2012) describe the use of a corporate website of the organization for posting a job as a link for career options where the potential candidates can log in for the existing opportunities therefore on companys own website, HR department has a choice of posting the vacancies freely and indicate the career path expected after joining the organisation. But she also pointed out that the corporate website attracts only the interested candidates towards it and for attracting other candidates, other channels should be used. According to Lievens Harris (2003) (adapted from Maher Silverman, 2002), company web sites correspond to one of the primary Internet-based method to employing. Several of these web sites as well offer useful information about the organization, in addition of a system for applying for these jobs. In 2001 a research by iLogos demonstrates that of the Worldwide 500 companies, 88% had a company Internet recruitment site, revealing an important surge from 1998, when only 29% of these companies had such a web site. Approximately all North American Global 500 companies (93%) have a business Internet recruitment site. Most applicants would consider a medium to large size company without a recruitment web site to be somewhat odd; certainly, one report indicated that of 62,000 hires at nine large companies, 16% were initiated at the company Internet recruitment site. Commercial job portals or Job boards Many companies have experienced excellent results through Internet recruiting on their own Web site. However, other firms also utilize employment Web sites by simply typing in key job criteria, skills, and experience and indicating their geographic location. They next click Search for Candidates and in seconds have a ranked list of rà ©sumà ©s from candidates that match the firms requirements. Fees vary from one employment Web site to another, and the number of sites has expanded dramatically in recent years. (http://www.prenhall.com/managementzone/mondyhrm8/mondyhrm8.pdf accessed on 27 August 2012, Chapter 6 Internet recruiting). According to Pin et al (2001) online job boards are recruitment networks that provide a meeting point for jobseekers and enterprises; hence a job platform acts as a middlemen, enabling job offers to be filled by most suitable candidates by segmenting information and providing real-time updated job offers to candidates. These e-recruitment platforms are normally free for jobseekers and chargeable to companies seeking to recruit, sometimes an annual fee and sometimes a charge per listing. These boards are good for attracting active and passive job seekers, particularly for less recognised companies but they can also be used as a supplement to the corporate site. Commercial job boards most common form of online recruiting. Job boards work like classified ads in the newspaper. These are global and allow a larger reach into the candidate pool. The job boards greatest strength is the total numbers of candidates registering resumes; the estimation is that they contain five million unique resumes (Gutmacher, 2000). Additionally, they allow recruiters to administer 24 hours a day, check candidates from around the world, and are commonly quite low-cost (Boehle, 2000). A key advantage of the job board approach for a company is that lots of individuals send resumes and that most job boards provide a search system so that recruiters can hunt for applicants with the appropriate skills and experience. A second benefit is that an organization can give extensive information, as well as a link to the companys web site for supplementary information on both i.e. the career path as well as the organizations. The committed recruitment websites can take a struct ure of job listing websites, which can be look like printed classified advertisements, work wanted sites, which accentuate the prospective employees side and finally online recruiters who make use of other websites as a resource for finding clients and customers (Rudich, 2000; Taylor,2001). Lievens Harris (2003) Social Networking Figure 19 below shows the ages of social networkers for Facebook, MySpace, Flickr and LinkedIn. It is interesting to note that from about ages of 24 to over 60, LinkedIn has the highest percentage of users. However its peak is between the ages of 25 and 34, after which it drops off (WebMediaBrands Inc. 2010). Figure : Percentage of social Networking users across all ages (Web Media Brands Inc 2010) Although social networking sites have seen tremendous growth in the past few years, according to Michigan State Universitys Recruiting Trends 2010-2011, the use of social media for recruiting is still limited to only 28% of the 4,600 employers surveyed, predominantly among larger employers. Benefits and Costs of E-recruitment In most relevant literature there are some commonly identified benefits and downsides for the companies using online recruitment. The commonly cited advantages and drawbacks of online recruitment in the literature are as follows: Benefits of E-recruitment Reduced Costs According to Marr (2007) with the print advertising, the size of the advert and the publication itself impacts on the fee of the posting the advertisement whereas with internet advertising even with a small cost associated to it is relatively cheap compared to the potentially unlimited audience of this medium whereas Galanaki (2002) argue that the cost saving depends on the e-mailing approach adopted; Faster Processes As said by Galanaki (2002) adapted from Workforce 2000a, online recruitment shortened the recruiting cycle maximising HR time for strategic issues. Barber (2006) also emphasis on the fact that e-recruitment speed up the recruitment process, with instant posting of job online, processing the applications within minutes rather than weeks and response can be quick and direct. Wider range of applicants Barber (2006) stressed on the fact that this mean can be access 24 hours a day, 7 days per week; reaching a global applicant group in contrast to ad on national newspaper. Reputation and Brand With increased competitiveness in the market and the fear of remaining behind makes many human resource managers to hire through the net. Particularly associated with corporate website, internet recruitment is considered to attribute an image of innovation and flexibility and it also operate as a promoting tool. (Barber 2006; Galanaki 2002) Attract passive job seekers Internet recruitment can be used as an instrument to attract the most highly prized catch who are not necessarily looking for a job. Addressing specific labour market niches Internet is also perceived to be a technique to deal with particular labour market niches during the posting vacancies on websites for particular interest clusters, on electronic forums or discussions groups and this can boost the targeting potential of the medium ( Galanaki, 2002). But Marr (2007) argue that the drawback of this approach is that there is a possible issue for firms with regards to unfairness and equal opportunity employment. Costs of E-Recruitment Online recruitment offers tangible business benefits therefore as with all recruitment sources, there are not only exclusive benefits associated to the means but there are also a certain number of existing challenges faced by organisations, particularly in such a mechanised process,. An outline of the common disadvantages associated to e-recruitment will now be presented according to (Marr, 2007; Barber, 2006). High quantity of application When a high amount of applications is received, firms can be confronted to a number of real challenges. The negative outcomes of it can be the rising costs in administering recruitment and selection systems. An increase in the number of applications means that more time should be spent in screening the Cvs since filtering out unsuitable candidate is very resource intensive. Logistical problems With online recruitment the best-qualified candidates can live halfway around the world and in such a case, conducting screening interviews by telephone or email have to be considered which limits the expense of a personal meeting. If the process progress forward, it causes the problem of whether it has great significance of bringing the person in for an interview. The valuable time and possibly money will be wasted if it turns out the candidate wasnt serious about relocating. Technology issues When recruitment process requires filling out an application, to miss out qualified candidates who would rather send a resume can be possible. Some candidates may not feel confident enough with the security of applying online. Theres always the likelihood that the application system may function slowly or lose information during the submission process. Poor website In several circumstances, candidates who notice job posting will be relying on the website to get further information about the company and method of operation. If website is badly designed or outdated, the candidate may not even bother to reply. Theres also the risk that the site have inappropriate information concerning the candidates field. Too impersonal It can be perceived as quite impersonal since much of the online recruiting process might implicate emails and probably telephone interviews. When lacking multiple in-person interviews, it can be complicated to determine if candidates will align with the company culture. Candidates may also have a hard time estimating whether the company is the right place for them. Perception of Jobseeker The Internet and the Web have revolutionized the way people communicate. This revolution has not only had a radical change on ways of doing business, but also created new business models that did not exist in the past. The range of Internet applications grew fast due to emerging technologies and competitive business pressures. Since 1995, the Internet has witnessed a rapid development of innovative applications. Among these applications are online recruitment, which was adopted by many users worldwide due to the high potentials it brings to both job seekers and employers Azab (2005). Job seekers use third-party recruitment websites or electronic recruitment services to gather job information and post their resumes using Internet technology (Bartram, 2000; Scheyer McCarter, 1998). Third-party recruitment websites offering Internet-based recruitment services (hereafter job-search websites) provide media for connecting employers and job seekers. According to a study from the write pass journal (2011) which was carried out to discover the advantages of using online recruitment, and techniques in which it could be enhanced, at a leading UK technology firm; it seek to assess factors which influence jobseekers choice when submitting their application to a specific business by means of their corporate website. Moreover it argues that there are various factors affecting this choice such as: the accessibility of an open job opportunity, the corporate website lay out, web presence of the firm through adverts, blogs or web postings, relevant information available about organization and position on the companys website, the corporate branding of the organization, Previous knowledge of company and its operation, the availability of information on online job boards, participation in events such as career fairs, word of mouth from friends and employees, the easiness for application, online tests, feedback and recruitment process. In the Table below we can see what are the benefits and problems related to online recruitment from the perspective of Job seekers. Table 1: Common benefits and drawbacks of Internet recruitment for jobseekers Advantages Disadvantages Mauritius Case Study Mauritius has one of the highest standards of living in Africa. Strong emphasis is being placed on information and communication technology (ICT) as an important engine of economic growth in Mauritius. The National Broadband Policy 2012 2020 sets out a strategic vision for a broadband Intelligent Mauritius, branded as Towards i-Mauritius. Over one-fifth of Mauritians have are making use of broadband; the adoption is likely to maintain its growth, across diverse demographic clusters and age clusters. Internet access and usage Figures from the Statistics Mauritius further point out that in both 2010 and 2008 the use of computer and internet was highest among the young age groups and lowest among the higher age groups. Thus, in 2010, 85.2% of persons aged 12 to 19 were using a computer and 58.3% the internet, and 61.6% of persons aged 20 to 29 were using a computer and 50.7% the internet. Among those aged 50 to 59 years, 23.6% and 17.6% were using a computer and the internet respectively. According to AHRP magazine 2010 HR pros said that traditional networking and social networking are the most effective ways for professionals to find jobs, as indicated by a survey recently conducted by challenger, gray Christmas. Methods of recruitment in Mauritius In recent years, recruiting services have developed intensively in Mauritius. More and more mediators for employers and candidates are being formed. And currently, all recruitment agencies in Mauritius have online services which allow both employers and candidates to register themselves there. The addresses to be make use of for recruitment services are DCDM Recruitment rebranded as Talentaris which has its own online job portal named G3RS.com, Adecco which has merged with Service Bureau and Maujob recently and Appavoo Professional Recruitment, for the online service supported by an adviser as explained above, or myjob.mu, jobsite.mu which operates only online. They have the benefit of being efficient and specialized. However in Mauritius, the most commonly used means of communicating information are the newspapers. Thus most employers exploit the press to advertise vacancies. And the response rate for checking the press to find job is quite high because the Mauritian population is very attached to the national press. Yet LExpress can also be accessed online at the website of the company. Furthermore there are some radio stations that frequently run announcement for employment. Private radio stations such as Radio One and Radio Plus often announce any job offer in the midst of any emission. Private radio stations have high ratings and with this method, the results are very successful and fast. Emerging techniques of upcoming job offer Publications of job either in audio or on posters can be done through advertising agencies. The multinational Accenture is often called to encourage applications. When designed by advertising agencies, they have the benefit of the position value and attract the attention of the reader. Their effectiveness is proven through the actual response rate achieved by employers. Ads may also be webcast on the most visited websites, for example, the homepage of Orange Mauritius, Facebook, etc. Rates vary depending on site and some may even be free, like Facebook. There is a mailing service very fashionable offered by RKcom, but highly not recommended as their service is considered as SPAM and their mail outs usually targeted inappropriate recipients and the mailing service is not free. Other successful techniques To find a qualified staff, it is possible to go through the administration of tertiary institutions or training centers. The most famous being University of Mauritius, Charles Telfair Institute, the Centre for Graduate Studies, or Mauritius IVTB Employees Federation. The Ministry of Labour, through the database of Labour Office which register the unemployed people it help the later to find a suitable position. Employers often communicate their vacant jobs through the database facility offered by Labour Office. At the request of the employer, Labour Office can send the list of candidates seeking employment, by level of education. And in addition, word of mouth is a fairly common in Mauritius. The island is not so big and everyone knows each other. Communications are easily and quickly concluded (Senek 2012). Study One Within the study one, emphasis will be given on two components of the organisational perspective that is, firms that use their corporate website to attract applicants and an online job board which operates in Mauritius. This will give an insight of what are the advantages and disadvantages of shifting to online recruitment. What are the changes alongside with this move in their practices and strategies? Study Two Study two will examine the e-recruitment from the perspective of jobseekers in Mauritius. To investigate the various aspects that drive those to use online recruitment and analysing the benefits and problems related to their use of internet in their job search. Additionally this study will seek to test the following hypothesis: There is a relationship between privacy problems and intention to use online recruitment Research Type For the study one since only a little information is available on e-recruitment practices in Mauritian firms, thus qualitative data on e-recruitment development is more useful and important than quantitative data. Qualitative research will help to be explorative and classify, categorize or define the phenomena of E-recruitment in Mauritius in an organisational perspective. Consequently the most suitable methods that will be used will be interviews. For the study Two given that we have sufficient information and knowledge which is available on the use of e-recruitment for job search from the perspective of jobseekers and that we will seek to prove hypothesis and support, questionnaires will be suitable for collecting quantitative data that can be used in confirmatory studies using statistical analysis. Data type Primary Data For the purpose of this research, data has been collected from first-hand-experience which is known as primary data and this will include interview and survey questionnaire. Those primary data has not been published yet and is more reliable, authentic and objective. Since my primary data has not been changed or altered by human beings, therefore its validity is greater than secondary data. Using primary data in research from participants representatives of key players in e-recruitment, can improves the validity of research. First hand information obtained from a sample that is representative of the target population will yield data that will be valid for the entire targe

The Media During the Tiananmen Square Protests Essay -- China Chinese

The Media During the Tiananmen Square Protests There will always be talk about the biases of the media and the perspective in which it takes when reporting the news; however, when the news is run by the government and the people who write the news are threatened to withdraw from their positions because they will not write propaganda, it becomes a serious issue that can lead a country into turmoil. Such was the situation in Beijing, the capital of China, in 1989, during the student and worker protests at Tiananmen Square and the ultimate killings that occurred on June 4th of that year. The role of the Chinese government in the Tiananmen Square protests went far beyond their military control and suppression; the government’s role in banning publications and firing media personnel for standing up for themselves and the protestors resulted in skewed reporting and a void in which there would be reliable information about the event, such as the number of people that died, eyewitness accounts, etc. Most of the information that resulted from state-run agencies and media were largely propagandistic and more detrimental to the government than the protestors. Foreign correspondents were mostly chased off by officials who didn’t want the students telling their story outside of a government-controlled environment; however, one newspaper from Hong Kong, Ming Pao, was able to document the event with photographs, because of their ability to blend in with the crowd. Compared to the reports from People’s Daily, the compiled photographs taken by Ming Pao jou rnalists reveal the student point of view – and the history of Chinese political activism and nationalism. The Tiananmen Square protests stemmed from policies that were initiate... ...alists see themselves as civil servants, an editor at the English-language China Daily describes the situation more bluntly: "We are like dogs on a leash. A very short leash." Works Cited: Jernow, Allison Liu. â€Å"The Tight Leash Loosens.† Columbia Journalism Review January/February 1994 Mathews, Jay. â€Å"The Myth of Tiananmen.† Columbia Journalism Review September/October 1998 Ming Pao News. June Four: A Chronicle of the Chinese Democratic Uprising. Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 1989. (source of photos) Simmie, Scott and Bob Nixon. Tiananmen Square. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1989. Thom, Cathleen. â€Å"Invisible Censorship: The Freedom of the Press and Its Responsibility† The Humanist. July/August 1999 Yu, Mok Chiu and Frank J. Harrison. Voices From Tiananmen Square. Montreal-New York: Black Rose Books, 1990. The Media During the Tiananmen Square Protests Essay -- China Chinese The Media During the Tiananmen Square Protests There will always be talk about the biases of the media and the perspective in which it takes when reporting the news; however, when the news is run by the government and the people who write the news are threatened to withdraw from their positions because they will not write propaganda, it becomes a serious issue that can lead a country into turmoil. Such was the situation in Beijing, the capital of China, in 1989, during the student and worker protests at Tiananmen Square and the ultimate killings that occurred on June 4th of that year. The role of the Chinese government in the Tiananmen Square protests went far beyond their military control and suppression; the government’s role in banning publications and firing media personnel for standing up for themselves and the protestors resulted in skewed reporting and a void in which there would be reliable information about the event, such as the number of people that died, eyewitness accounts, etc. Most of the information that resulted from state-run agencies and media were largely propagandistic and more detrimental to the government than the protestors. Foreign correspondents were mostly chased off by officials who didn’t want the students telling their story outside of a government-controlled environment; however, one newspaper from Hong Kong, Ming Pao, was able to document the event with photographs, because of their ability to blend in with the crowd. Compared to the reports from People’s Daily, the compiled photographs taken by Ming Pao jou rnalists reveal the student point of view – and the history of Chinese political activism and nationalism. The Tiananmen Square protests stemmed from policies that were initiate... ...alists see themselves as civil servants, an editor at the English-language China Daily describes the situation more bluntly: "We are like dogs on a leash. A very short leash." Works Cited: Jernow, Allison Liu. â€Å"The Tight Leash Loosens.† Columbia Journalism Review January/February 1994 Mathews, Jay. â€Å"The Myth of Tiananmen.† Columbia Journalism Review September/October 1998 Ming Pao News. June Four: A Chronicle of the Chinese Democratic Uprising. Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 1989. (source of photos) Simmie, Scott and Bob Nixon. Tiananmen Square. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1989. Thom, Cathleen. â€Å"Invisible Censorship: The Freedom of the Press and Its Responsibility† The Humanist. July/August 1999 Yu, Mok Chiu and Frank J. Harrison. Voices From Tiananmen Square. Montreal-New York: Black Rose Books, 1990.